为什么做单元测试

1.单元测试：对于软件设计最小的单元进行正确性测试，将可能存在的错误在最小范围内解决。

2.目的：发现模块内部逻辑，语法，算法，功能等错误。

3.测试方式：代码级别的测试和模块功能的测试

3.1代码级别测试

根据内部逻辑与接口编写测试用例

接口测试：确保接口实现正确，符合设计文档规范

数据结构测试：确保数据接口可用，例如数据库，文件，自定义数据结构；

边界测试：对于边界进行测试

单元测试用例编写

基础测试用例

def add(*args):    result = 0    for i in args:        result +=i    return resultprint(add(1))print(add(1,2))print(add(1,"a"))...13Traceback (most recent call last):  File "C:\Users\shitou\eclipse-workspace\python_test\src\test\__init__.py", line 9, in 
   
        print(add(1,"a"))  File "C:\Users\shitou\eclipse-workspace\python_test\src\test\__init__.py", line 4, in add    result +=iTypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +=: 'int' and 'str'

unittest单元测试框架

1.测试用例：

1）.测试环境准备

2）.测试代码执行

3）.测试环境还原

4）.测试回归化

5）.测试结果分析

2.测试用例结构

import unittestclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):    @classmethod    def setUpClass(cls):    #初始化测试：构建预置条件，套件执行一次        def setUp(self):    #初始化：构建预置条件，每个脚本执行一次        def tearDown(self):    #恢复测试环境：清理测试数据等，每个脚本执行一次        @classmethod    def tearDownClass(cls):    #恢复测试环境：清理测试数据等，套件执行一次    def test_xxx(self):        #测试用例必须以test开头        if __name__=="__main__":    unittest.main()#执行测试用例

3.实例测试

1）待测方法

def add(a,b):    return a+b

2）测试用例

import unittestfrom test import myfunction as MFclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):    def setUp(self):        print("test start")        def tearDown(self):        print("end test")    def test_001(self):        result = MF.add(1, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3)            def test_002(self):        result = MF.add(0, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 2)    def test_003(self):        self.assertRaises(TypeError, MF.add(0, 2))        if __name__=="__main__":    unittest.main()

测试集unittest.TestSuite

import unittestfrom test import myfunction as MFclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):    def setUp(self):        pass        def tearDown(self):        pass    def test_001(self):        result = MF.add(1, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3)            def test_002(self):        result = MF.add(0, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 2)    def test_003(self):        self.assertRaises(TypeError, MF.add(0, 2))        if __name__=="__main__":    suite = unittest.TestSuite()    #添加单个测试用例    suite.addTest(MyTest("test_001"))    suite.addTest(MyTest("test_002"))    #添加多个测试用例    test_cases = [MyTest("test_003")]    suite.addTests(test_cases)    #统计测试用例数    tc_num = suite.countTestCases()    print(tc_num) #3    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=0)    runner.run(suite)  #执行#0 (静默模式): 你只能获得总的测试用例数和总的结果 比如 总共100个 失败20 成功803----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 3 tests in 0.000sOK#1 (默认模式): 非常类似静默模式 只是在每个成功的用例前面有个“.” 每个失败的用例前面有个 “F”3.F.#2 (详细模式):测试结果会显示每个测试用例的所有相关的信息并且 你在命令行里加入不同的参数可以起到一样的效果3test_001 (__main__.MyTest) ... oktest_002 (__main__.MyTest) ... oktest_003 (__main__.MyTest) ... ok----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 3 tests in 0.000sOK

断言

result = MF.add(1, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 4,"预期是%d，实际是%d")        self.assertTrue(expr, msg)        ...

跳过测试用例

1.使用装饰器unittest.skip

import unittestfrom test import myfunction as MFclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):    def setUp(self):        pass        def tearDown(self):        pass    def test_001(self):        result = MF.add(1, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3,"预期是%d，实际是%d")    @unittest.skip("Not Test")    def test_002(self):        print("no test")        result = MF.add(0, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3)#   #     def test_003(self):#         self.assertRaises(TypeError, MF.add(0, 2))#         if __name__=="__main__":    unittest.main()# .# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Ran 2 tests in 0.000s# # OK (skipped=1)

2.skipIf

测试方法

version = 1def add(a,b):    return a+b

测试用例

import unittestfrom test import myfunction as MFclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):    def setUp(self):        pass        def tearDown(self):        pass    def test_001(self):        result = MF.add(1, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3,"预期是%d，实际是%d")    @unittest.skipIf(MF.version==1, "跳过测试")     #满足条件则不执行    def test_002(self):        result = MF.add(0, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3).----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 2 tests in 0.000sOK (skipped=1)if __name__=="__main__":    unittest.main()

3.skipUnless

import unittestfrom test import myfunction as MFclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):    def setUp(self):        pass        def tearDown(self):        pass    def test_001(self):        result = MF.add(1, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3,"预期是%d，实际是%d")    @unittest.skipIf(MF.version==1, "跳过测试")     #满足条件则跳过    def test_002(self):        result = MF.add(0, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3)            @unittest.skipUnless(MF.version==1, "跳过测试")     #不满足条件则跳过    def test_003(self):        result = MF.add(0, 3)        self.assertEqual(result, 3)if __name__=="__main__":    unittest.main()

4.expectedFailure

import unittestfrom test import myfunction as MFclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):    def setUp(self):        pass        def tearDown(self):        pass    def test_001(self):        result = MF.add(1, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3,"预期是%d，实际是%d")        @unittest.expectedFailure    def test_002(self):        result = MF.add(0, 2)        self.assertEqual(result, 3)    if __name__=="__main__":    unittest.main()

扫描所有测试用例

unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover

def set_test_suite(self):        """        set case suite        :return:        """        #定义测试套件        #定义测试文件查找的目录        test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()        testcase_dir = os.path.join(RC.proDir,"testcase")        discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(testcase_dir, pattern = 'TS*.py', top_level_dir=None)        #扫描所有TS开头的py文件，然后把测试用例添加到测试集合        if discover:            for suite in discover:                for test_case in suite:                    test_suite.addTest(test_case)        else:            return None        return test_suite

生成测试报告HTMLTestRunner

def runAllTest(self):        """        run test        :return:        """        try:            suite = self.set_test_suite()            if suite:                logger.info("********TEST START********")                fp = open(reportPath, 'wb')                runner = HT.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,                                            verbosity=2,                                           title='Test Report',                                            description='Test Description')                runner.run(suite)                fp.close()                time.sleep(3)            else:                logger.info("Have no case to test.")        except Exception as ex: